Star Wars in Spanish

If you want to talk with your Spanish-speaking friends about Star Wars, the Fundacà ³n del Espaà ±ol Urgente has some advice for you. Known in English as the Foundation for Urgent Spanish, the Royal Spanish Academy-affiliated organization also called Fundà ©u BBVA has issued guidelines to aid Spanish speakers and publications in discussing the space saga. Among them are that the film series should not be referred to by its English name — as is common — but by the Spanish name for the first film in the series: La guerra de las galaxias (literally The War of the Galaxies). As is the case with other compositition titles, only the first word should be capitalized. As with that piece of advice, Fundà ©us other recommendations show some similarities and differences with English: Precuela is an acceptable word to refer to a prequel, just as secuela is acceptable for a sequel.Although in English we can talk about Episode 5, in Spanish its episodio V.Theres no need to capitalize the names of groups of creatures, just as names of ethnic groups arent capitalized. Thus the Ewoks are known as los ewoks. (In words of recent foreign origin, it is common to pluralize by appending -s rather than -es as is usually done with words ending in a consonant.)Jedis are known as jedis, but the Jedi Order can be written with capitalization as la Orden Jedi.Names of spaceships are capitalized much as they are in English. Thus the Millennial Falcon is el Halcà ³n Milenario.A laser is un là ¡ser.A hard-core fan can be called un or una friki, whose spelling is preferred to friqui.A series of nine films can be called either una nonalogà ­a or una enealogà ­a. Im not sure what the English equivalent is, but this is similar to the way a series of three films is called a trilogà ­ a in Spanish (trilogy in English).The entire saga can be referred to as, well, una saga even though the traditional meaning of saga refers to legends less grand.The use of franquicia (franchise) should be avoided in referring to the movies series itself — its better to use serie. Franquicia should be used to refer to merchandise and spinoffs (such as comic books) based on the movie series.Luke Skywalker? Hes  Lucas Caminante de los Cielos, a calque. And Han Solo is simply Han Solo.  Native speakers have often written the name as Han Sà ³lo, but Fundà ©u says the accent isnt needed.

Law And Social Change The Hollow Hope Essay - 1962 Words

Cameron Corona POSC 375 Dr. Fiber-Ostrow 7 November 2016 Law and Social Change In his book The Hollow Hope, Gerald Rosenberg’s thesis concerning law and social change is that the courts are ineffective in creating significant social reforms. His main claim is that the courts are too weak to overcome their lack of constitutional rights, their apprehension to make unpopular rulings, and their lack of judicial enforcement powers (Rosenberg). In his view, Rosenberg assesses that under the right legal and social conditions these constraints can be overcome, but ultimately he concludes that the courts can only bring about the illusion of change, stating that, â€Å"U.S. courts can almost never be effective producers of significant social reform. At best, they can second the social reform acts of the other branches of government† (Rosenberg 422). Regarding same sex marriage, Rosenberg’s assessment is that while proponents of same sex marriage had the necessary elements to produce social reform, they turned to the courts too e arly and as a result, the litigation campaign resulted in â€Å"one step forward, two steps back† (Rosenberg 368). Historically, the same sex marriage movement can be traced back to the early 1970’s, when gay rights activists begun the movement by bringing forward three suits in Minnesota, Kentucky, and Washington, but none of the suits were successful (Rosenberg). Following these actions in 1986, the case of Bowers v. Hardwick was brought before the Supreme CourtShow MoreRelatedThe Hollow Hope By Gerald Rosenberg1121 Words   |  5 PagesSocial change comes from a societies understanding and acceptance of controversial topics, laws that enforce social norms and the politics that play a role in such change. 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Intraprenuership Essay Example For Students

Intraprenuership Essay PROMOTING AWARENESS AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING ABOUT INTRAPRENEURSHIP Presented by: Ms. Anu Ramachandran CONTENTS ? ABSTRACT ? INTRODUCTION ? INTRAPRENEURSHIP VS. ENTREPRENEURSHIP ? WHY INTRAPRENEURSHIP ? MERITS OF INTRAPRENEURHIP ? ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT ENCOURAGE INTRAPRENEURSHIP ? THE TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR INTRAPRENEURS ? THE PRACTICE OF THE ART OF INTRAPRENEURSHIP ? DRIVING FACTORS IN LARGE ENTERPRISES ? CONCLUSION ABSTRACT The implementation of corporate entrepreneuring or intrapreneurship is becoming an important activity for growth-oriented businesses However, very little empirical research exists that attempts to measure the effectiveness of an environment or culture for the implementation of intrapreneurial ideas. This study attempted to assess the factor structure of intrapreneurship culture through promoting awareness about intraprenurship. In this topic we discussed why to implement intrapreneurship within an organization also we discussed Intrapreneurship is not only important for the organizational development but also for economic development as it helps in increasing employee productivity and motivation. INTRODUCTION Intrapreneurship refers to employee initiatives in organizations to undertake something new, without being asked to do so. This Intrapreneur focuses on innovation and creativity and who transforms a dream or an idea into a profitable venture, by operating within the organizational environment. Thus, Intrapreneurs are Inside entrepreneurs who follow the goal of the organization. Intrapreneurship is an example of motivation through job design. Employees, perhaps engaged in a special project within a larger firm are supposed to behave as entrepreneurs, even though they have the resources, capabilities and security of the larger firm to draw upon. Capturing a little of the dynamic nature of entrepreneurial management (trying things until successful, learning from failures, attempting to conserve resources, etc. adds to the potential of an otherwise static organizations without exposing those employees to the risks or accountability normally associated with entrepreneurial failure. INTRAPRENEURSHIP VS. ENTREPRENEURSHIP Intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship have vast similarities and differences. The most notable are that, Intrapreneurs are still company employees, whereas Entrepreneurs are self-employed people running their own company. One of the biggest differences is that in trapreneurs have at least a modicum of support from the primary organization; the entrepreneur doesn’t. Also, intrapreneurs must get final approval of an idea from a senior executive. Entrepreneurs answer to themselves. An entrepreneur takes substantial risk in being the owner and operator of a business with expectations of financial profit and other rewards that the business may generate. On the contrary, an intrapreneur is an individual employed by an organization for remuneration, which is based on the financial success of the unit he is responsible for. Intrapreneurs share the same traits as entrepreneurs such as conviction, zeal and insight. As the intrapreneur continues to expresses his ideas vigorously, it will reveal the gap between the philosophy of the organization and the employee. If the organization supports him in pursuing his ideas, he succeeds. If not, he is likely to leave the organization and set up his own business WHY INTRAPRENEURSHIP? There are many answers for this question of why to implement intrapreneurship within an organization. Intrapreneurship which is a concept linked to the entrepreneurial orientation of an organization is the spirit of entrepreneurship within an established organization. At a particular crucial point there occurs the need to catalyze the organization and imbue it with a new spirit of intrapreneurship. Intrapreneurs work within corporations to develop new products, increase innovation, and build employee morale. Allowing employees to introduce and implement innovation within an organization is a means of fostering economic growth. Few innovations have been derived from a flash of genius, most are the result of a conscious, purposeful search for innovation opportunities. MERITS OF INTRAPRENEURSHIP Intrapreneurs have been credited with increasing the speed and cost-effectiveness of technology transfer from research and development to the marketplace. At times intrapreneurs are considered inventors. While inventors come up with new products, intrapreneurs come up with new processes that get that product to market. Another reason for what they are considered similar to inventors is that they are creative and are risk-takers in the sense that they are stepping out of their traditional role within the business. However, their risk-taking behavior is personal. In terms of the business, they actually work towards minimizing the risk through the innovative approaches they use to more efficient and effective product production and sales. Many organizations have placed greater importance on a service-orientated approach to their business activities. This customer service focus has resulted in an emphasis on being a team player. Consequently, the culture and ethos of a customer service focus has enabled an increase in intrapreneurism. This in turn has led to the development of intrapreneurial competing teams within a company. Teams can function as small businesses within the organization. Teams can focus on either a product or a process. Such practices result in a â€Å"free market system† where work is more effectively co-coordinated and responsibility is distributed more evenly. ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT ENCOURAGE INTRAPRENEURSHIP The key to establishing an intrapreneur-friendly organization is to create an innovative working environment. There are hierarchies, rules, procedures and the right way to do things to make the company more efficient. Careers can be destroyed by monetary losses and mistakes. Innovation is difficult under those conditions. Other keys to creating an intrapreneurial environment include the following: * Support from ownership and top management; * Recognition that intrapreneurship is compatible to the existing culture; * Communication channels that are open; * Allocation of resources to the new innovations; * Rewards for intrapreneurship; and, * Follow through by the intrapreneurs in order to see the finished product. While these are noble goals, do most organizations allow for these? Three fundamental blocks to the above goals in organizations are the following: * Believing you already have the right answer (This prevents you from understanding possible alternative futures and choosing to create the one you most desire. The not invented here syndrome is alive and well in most large companies. ); * Taking life too seriously prevents one from exploring new ideas; and, * Believing you are not creative prevents attempts which might result in failure Creativity and innovation must flourish if large companies are striving to create an environment conducive to intrapreneurship. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR INTRAPRENEURS Intrapreneuring provides a list of rules for the intrapreneur striving in a large company to get his or her idea accepted. They are: * Do any job needed to make your project work regardless of your job description; * Share credit wisely; * Remember, it is easier to ask for forgiveness than permission; * Come to work each day willing to be fired; * Ask for ad vice before asking for resources; * Follow your intuition about people; build a team of the best; * Build a quiet coalition for your idea; early publicity triggers the corporate immune system; * Never bet on a race unless you are running in it; Be true to your goals, but realistic about ways to achieve them; THE PRACTICE OF THE ART OF INTRAPRENEURSHIP Kawasaki (2006) presented a more realistic set of commandments for the modern day intrapreneur. This series of practices might well allow us to intrapreneur. These rules are: * Kill the cash cows (Allow for the fostering of new products and services funded by the cash cows of yesterday); Reboot your brain. Generally, you should do everything the opposite way from the tried and true existing ways of large companies (Building consensus and focus groups do not allow for originality in innovation. Discrimination - women and aboriginals EssayMore important, the cost of buying the venture wont be charged against your budget. Most important, buying a proven innovation is clearly the least risky course of action available! There are exceptions, of course. A number of large enterprises have been successful at establishing an environment which really does encourage innovation. The secret is quite obvious; one must eschew the traditional management evaluation system. It requires commitment from the top levels of the organization and a willingness to resist pressure from shareholders. There will be pressure from shareholders because innovation is wasteful! It produces failures which consume resources. It produces a playful atmosphere which is seemingly less efficient. In fact, nothing about innovation is efficient! That means that most of the time when we see a large firm supporting innovation among its people that firm is producing such great returns for its shareholders that they dont resist the waste of resources. If the returns to shareholders begin to lessen, top management will discover that supporting innovation becomes much more difficult and even career threatening. In fairness to large enterprises, it is this external pressure from shareholders which stacks the deck against innovation despite the best intentions of well-meaning people. Why is it important to foster intrapreneurial employees? Intrapreneurs can provide a fantastic boost to your companys bottom line. Not only do innovations add to your revenue stream, they also increase motivation and empowerment among your intrapreneurial employees. Intrapreneurial employees are typically energetic and enthusiastic, imaginative and inventive. Most likely, they already have ideas for creating new products or services. Perhaps theyre even working on developing their ideas in their off-work hours. So why not provide them the encouragement, resources and manpower? If you dont, they may move on to another company, or they may start their own and become one of your competitors — taking customers and business away from you! Intrapreneurial environments also promote expansion. You are only one person, trying to do a hundred different things all at once. When you look at the scope of your day, how much time and energy do you have left over to devote to creating new products and services that could help your company grow? The likely answer is, very little. As the old saying goes, two brains are better than one. So, wouldnt it make sense to utilize all of the brain power that you are already paying for? Yes, fostering intrapreneurial employees means taking chances, but these chances can pay off big. In fact, the Ford Mustang, IBMs personal computer and Kenner Toys Star Wars line were all forged by intrapreneurs working for other people. Another example of the value of intrapreneurship is the genesis of Post-It Notes ¬Ã‚ ®. In 1974, a 3M Corporation employee couldnt keep his hymns marked properly in his church choir book. After attempting various methods, he decided hed try using some non-permanent adhesive that was available at his workplace. By placing this adhesive on the back of his markers, he found he could keep them secured in place and then easily peel them off when he was done. The man took his new discovery to the management at 3M, a company that encourages employees to spend no less than 15 percent of their time at work developing their own ideas and projects. With the companys support, the resourceful man researched and developed a new product. Twenty-five years later, Post-It Notes ¬Ã‚ ® continue to be one of 3Ms top-grossing products. You dont have to own a large corporation to foster intrapreneurship. All you need is the ability to encourage employees to develop new ideas, and then give them the time, space and resources needed to turn those ideas into reality. You may think you already encourage your employees to be innovative, but the question is, do you do it in a formal way? The following questions can help you determine whether you are indeed currently fostering an intrapreneurial environment at your company: CONCLUSION Intrapreneurship is a strategy for stimulating innovation by making better use of entrepreneurial talent. When effectively promoted and channeled, intrapreneurship not only fosters innovation, it also helps employees with good ideas to better channel the resources of a corporation to develop more successful products. By fostering an intrapreneur ethic within a company, employees can be empowered and enabled to become company â€Å"change agents† who are comfortable bringing new ideas forward and promoting their execution. It is essential to create an elevating and encouraging environment that provides talented and entrepreneurial minded people the freedom to innovate, whilst at the same time supporting them with the resources to quickly bring their innovations to market. For small-to-midsize firms, innovation and speed-to-market are two ways to compete successfully against dominant and well-entrenched companies. Creating, fostering, and sustaining the right environment really are intrapreneurial imperatives.

Ryan Air Writeup free essay sample

To make money at that fare I would expect that they have a distinctive cost advantage over the current operators, say British Airways and Aer Lingus. Being a small operator I would expect some efficiencies and reduced costs that the other two airlines cannot realize. I would expect Ryan Air to lease its plane as opposed to buying it (as they only have one route, no scale efficiencies from owning their fleet can be realized) that would nullify their depreciation expense and other aircraft costs and their selling effort would be less (only one route). Initially, any expense derived from the fleet size would be less as well (as the 44-seater doesn’t need as much space in the hangars nor intensive usage of the runways as it is a fast take off/take down plane). However, for this case i have decided to leave them equal if they are variable costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Ryan Air Writeup or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, if they manage to increase the utilization rate of its aircraft with relation of British Airways and Aer Lingus, the per-person fixed costs would be less, about a 40% less (increase in utilization from 60% to almost 100%). Some estimation about Ryan Air’s cost breakdown that would ensure a profit can be found in the table above.